@article{ author = {VázquezydelÁrbol, Esther}, title = {Hybrid Legal Communication and its (British English<>Spanish) Translation Challenges: A Two-Case Study}, abstract ={From a professional point of view, highly specialised hybrid documents are the most in-demand translation services. They have been investigated from the linguistic, textual, and translational point of view. Nevertheless, too little attention has been devoted to them from a comprehensive, integrative approach. Due to these reasons, the foregoing research topic aims to face the translation problems of professional translation briefs entailing a hybrid nature; 2 legal documents with a considerable amount of scientific terminology, phraseology, and thematic area; Death Certificates, and Advanced Medical Directives. By using a comparative bilingual corpus analysis and methodology, we will select 10 British English documents (5 Death Certificates and 5 Advanced Medical Directives) which were analysed and later on compared to 10 Spanish documents (5 Certificados de Defunción and 5 Declaración de Voluntades Anticipadas). Upon comparison thereof, these instruments’ specificity, their (English-Spanish) translation challenges, and the applicable translation techniques, were researched. The results of the study herein presented will show the English-Spanish documents’ difficulties, convergences and divergences, and how translators and proof-readers should consult parallel documentation and enhance a wide variety of knowledge and skills.  }, Keywords = {Hybrid Documents, Law, Legal Translation, Science, Scientific Translation}, volume = {10}, Number = {7}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.26655/MJLTM.2020.7.1}, url = {http://mjltm.org/article-1-574-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjltm.org/article-1-574-en.pdf}, journal = {Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM)}, issn = {2251-6204}, eissn = {}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, Amir and Tamim, Rana and Ghaemi, Hame}, title = {Teaching and Learning During a Global Pandemic: An Ecological Approach}, abstract ={This paper proposes a conceptual framework for online teaching and learning during a global crisis, such as the health crisis created by the COVID-19 Pandemic in the year 2020. The paper argues that adopting a combinatorial, ecological approach including five types of affordances, i.e. cultural, social, technological, cognitive and affective affordances can be instrumental in improving the process of teaching and learning in an online learning environment. The authors believe that through proper training, teachers can become more heedful of and knowledgeable about the five types of affordances that the online ecology of learning and teaching offers and can exploit them to deliver better lessons and develop and conduct more practical assessments. It is likewise suggested that students can enjoy better learning experiences, if through proper orientation and preparation, they gain the requisite knowledge about, and master the relevant skills in, identifying and using the relevant affordances in the online learning ecology. In addition, it is proposed that course-related surveys conducted throughout and at the end of each course can provide significant insights as to the availability and applicability of the affordances provided in the online learning environments. Finally, due to the distinctively complex nature of the online ecology of learning and teaching, the authors consider it of paramount importance to provide ongoing advising services for teachers and students alike in the five areas of affordances discussed in this paper.}, Keywords = {Global pandemic, ecological approach, social affordance, cultural affordance, cognitive affordance, affective affordance}, volume = {10}, Number = {8}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.26655/MJLTM.2020.8.1}, url = {http://mjltm.org/article-1-585-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjltm.org/article-1-585-en.pdf}, journal = {Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM)}, issn = {2251-6204}, eissn = {}, year = {2020} }